Relations Between East and West Germany in 1969 Essay Example for Free

Relations Between East and West Germany in 1969 Essay The relationship between the two states in Germany, FRG (West) and GDR (East) has improved drastically in recent times resulting in the restructuring of Germany. Though the basis of this reunification stems from the years between 1969-1974. These years where immensely important for the two Germanys and with the change of leaders for political parties, so to did the views change. Such as the introduction of Ostpolitik. There was also the continuation of control from the mother countries that these two nations represented. The two superpowers (USA and USSR) wanted improved relations in the late 1960’s to prevent an annihilation of an international scale – there where too many weapons the stakes where too high. Many people thought that the money used to develop these weapons could be put to better use, such as improving living conditions. First it is necessary to talk about Willy Brandt, who was a German communist politician who led the German Democratic Republic as General Secretary of The Social Democratic Party of Germany (SPD) from 1971 until 1989. He had created the policy of Ostpolitik, which was aimed at improving the relations with the East. This was the first time that either one of the nations had stated any realisation of each other. They’re where many aims of Ospolitik of which its main goal was to strengthen the relations within the entire Eastern Bloc. It was to develop relations with the East and reduce the negative effects of Germany’s division. It used a policy of ‘rapprochement’ rather than a policy of strength, which was only possible due to the serious confrontation in 1962 between the USA and USSR after nuclear bases were found to have been installed in Cuba. This policy allowed both nations to be admitted into the United Nations after the signing of the Treaty of Moscow in August 1970, in which the FRG recognised the western boarders of Poland as well as stating that neither country had any territorial claims against each other. Willy Brandt was the driving force behind this offering of an ‘olive branch’ to East Germany. In March 1970, Brandt visited Willi Stoph (leader of the GDR’s Council of Ministers) in Erfurt, East German. This was the first ever meeting between senior government figures of the FRG and GDR and demonstrated that measures to develop better mutual relations were being taken seriously by both Germanys. This visit changed the views of the East German public as proven by their enthusiastic welcoming of Brandt. It gave them hope that life may improve now that they where recognised as a country. They even displayed a banner with the letter ‘Y’ on it to symbolise Willy Brandt apposed to Willi Stoph It also calmed tensions with the USA as the USSR viewed Brandt as a ‘good guy’ with whom they could do legitimate business. Although, the USA was worried that Brandt was acting of his own accord, they feared that they would lose control over the FRG and Brandt. Later that year in August he visited Moscow, the capital of Russia, which reinforced the idea of Ospolitik, it was something that Konrad Adenuer would never have done. Finally on his return journey he stopped off in Poland, which was heavily scared from the war when Germany invaded in 1939. His press stunt of stopping at a Jewish Memorial acted as a major step towards repairing relations. This could also be seen as a stepping stone for the dà ©tente of when Ospolitik did have its negative though such as, the loss of traditional support (eg. refugees) as the loss of territory in Poland caused quite an upset many calling it illegal and some went as far treason. In 1971 the GDR elected Erich Honecker as General Secretary. Erich had to respond to Brandt. He had a commitment to improve the relations. He made Western media legal in the GDR, the people could view TV and listen to radio freely – although newspapers where censored as this was the how the majority of East Germans received their news. There where significant improvements in the postal service and the telephone lines between West and East, there had been no official line linking the cities before. Finally, a new motorway was constructed from Hamburg to Berlin as part of the plan to improve its links with West Berlin. Though it helped people inside to travel around the GDR. This was again all due to the fact that the beginnings of Ospolitik and the four power agreement (an agreement that ensure what was known as a time of dà ©tente) had led to wider international recognition. Both Germanys had a applied for, and were accepted as, members of the United Nations. During the period of 1969 to 1974 over nighty countries officially recognised the GRD. They also were finally accepted by the USA. Now that both states recognised each other, in 1974 the first ever football match between the two states was held with the first round of the world cup. It ended with a 1-0 away win for the GDR. This was significant in the fact that it showed the world that communism was not necessarily a losing way. However, there where still many things wrong with the society between the two. Some parts of the relationship were still cold. Such as, the continued restriction of travel from the GDR. Travel from the GDR to West Berlin and West Germany remained tightly restricted. Despite having signed many agreements, the SED refused to comply with the human rights aspects of the 1975 Helsinki Accords, which were designed to ensure there was free travel from either country. Overall travel to the West was far more restricted from the GDR than that of Poland or Hungary. Apart from business meeting, sports matches and politicians, access to the West was made impossible to people of working age. This had to be implied or the East would have lost its whole work force to the West, at one point up to 250,000 people where leaving the country. If they didn’t prevent them their economy would have collapsed. In the 1970s, Erich Honecker rejected any aim of reuniting Germany. Instead, he focused on emphasising a policy of ‘demarcation’ to stress the differences between East and West Germany and to develop a clearer sense of the GDR’s own unique national identity. A new constitution in 1974 helped emphasise it as the true ‘German’ state and helped justify it as the only ‘anti fascist’ state that is organised on the basis of class-consciousness. The SED also promoted itself as the natural successor of Karl Marx and Engels, who, of course, were Germans. It also claimed that the FRG was too Americanised; many West German conservatives believe the same ironically. Finally, they stated that the GDR bore no responsibility for the war crimes that had been committed by Nazi Germany. Overall it is obvious that the policy of Ostpolitik was significant in that it led to a cooling of relations between East and West Germany, and between the Superpowers. It is debatable whether this alone led to the eventual reunification of Germany and its role in doing so is often overstated. Ostpolitik was in some ways limited in its impact and not supported by all. It did however mark a turning point as the FRG and GDR were prepared to recognise each other. All of this said, it is not the most significant in the development of relations- the initial events which divided Germany and the creation of a wall dividing the nation physically are far more important.

Methodist Church :: essays research papers

The United Methodist Church My home church is United Methodist. I have gone there ever since I was a child because that is where my mother went to church. Through researching this paper I found many interesting things about my church. There are many points and issues I agree with and many I disagree with. Writing this really made me think about my denomination closely and if it’s the right one for me. The United Methodist Church shares a common history and heritage with other Methodist and Wesleyan bodies. The lives and ministries of John Wesley and of his brother, Charles, mark the origin of their common roots. Both John and Charles were Church of England missionaries to the colony of Georgia, arriving in March 1736. It was their only occasion to visit America. Their mission was far from an unqualified success, and both returned to England disillusioned and discouraged, Charles in December 1736, and John in February 1738. Both of the Wesley brothers had transforming religious experiences in May 1738. In the years following, the Wesleys succeeded in leading a lively renewal movement in the Church of England. As the Methodist movement grew, it became apparent that their ministry would spread to the American colonies as some Methodists made the exhausting and hazardous Atlantic voyage to the New World. Organized Methodism in America began as a lay movement. Among its earliest leaders were Robert Strawbridge, an immigrant farmer who organized work about 1760 in Maryland and Virginia, Philip Embury and his cousin, Barbara Heck, who began work in New York in 1766, and Captain Thomas Webb, whose labors were instrumental in Methodist beginnings in Philadelphia in 1767. The American Revolution had a profound impact on Methodism. John Wesley’s Toryism and his writings against the revolutionary cause did not enhance the image of Methodism among many who supported independence. Furthermore, a number of Methodist preachers refused to bear arms to aid the patriots. When independence from England had been won, Wesley recognized that changes were necessary in American Methodism. He sent Thomas Coke to America to superintend the work with Asbury. Coke brought with him a prayer book titled The Sunday Service of the Methodists in North America, prepared by Wesley and incorporating his revision of the Church of England’s Thirty-Nine Articles of Religion. Two other preachers, Richard Whatcoat and Thomas Vasey, whom Wesley had ordained, accompanied Coke.

Adolf Hitler and Joseph Stalin

Adolf Hitler, Joseph Stalin was one of the most ruthless and diabolical people in the history of the world. Hitler once said of Stalin, † He is a beast, but he’s a beast on a grand scale who must command our unconditional respect. In his own way, he is a hell of a fellow! † (Stalin Breaker of Nations, p. xvi) What Hitler said of Stalin is only his opinion, and it is not a valid one at that. For you must consider the source, it takes a beast like Adolf Hitler to know a beast and Stalin was a horrible beast. He was also a murderer. Stalin abused his people when he starved them to death, and systematically murdered them. Stalin also abused his country by halting Russia’s progress and economic growth. Stalin was a breaker of nations. Stalin first enter the Russian political system in the early nineteen teens. With the help form Lenin, Stalin proposed an answer to the National Question, which was self determination. Stalin’s ruthlessness is first discovered by Lenin, when Stalin is sent to Georgia to convince the Georgia leader not to practice self determination. When the leader does not agree with what Stalin has to say, Stalin punches the man out and threaten to kill them all. Years after that incident Lenin end up dying and Stalin takes over as the leader of Russia. Because Trotsky was hated by many of the influential political figures in Russia, Stalin becomes the leader of Russia even after Lenin’s dying last wishes. 1929 was the first of many years in which Stalin stunted Russia’s growth. In that year the â€Å"Engineer Trials† were held. During these trials the Russian elite was brought forth by Stalin on the account of treason. Confessions by the elite which consisted of engineers, doctors, lawyers, teachers and clergy were extracted by many means including torture. After these trials were through thousands of the Russian elite were murdered, with their blood on Stalin’s hands. These trails had a horrific effect on the progress of Russia, there was now nobody left to lead Russian into the future, and the few elite’s that still remained in Russia lived in constant fear of their lives. Around 1932, Stalin had put his plan into action that was later called the Terror Famine. In the Terror Famine, Stalin started to order grain requisitions from the lower class in the Ukraine. Stalin used his army to retrieve the grain from the people, following the orders by Stalin, the army takes too much grain and causes a famine among the lower class. Stalin justified the taking of the grain by saying that it was just a way for the state to regulate the price of grain. By doing this Stalin ended up breaking the back of the Georgians and the Ukrainians. Knowingly, Stalin eliminated millions upon millions of Russian, between 30 and 50 million, in his attempt at an absolute totalitarian rule in Russia. By killing so many of the Russian’s who were the ones which the economy was supported on, Stalin has broken the nation of the Ukraine. From around 1936 through 1938 Stalin extracted his Great Terror. The Great Terror consisted of many events including the Purge Trials and the Katyn Massacre. During the purge trials, Stalin once again haltered Russian progress. The Purge Trials eliminated many military officers and engineers. The numbers are not exact, but between 250,000 to 500,000 Russians died because of Stalin’s orders. These trials caused mass paranoia of the elite’s, afraid to make a difference, for if they did then they would ultimately end up dead. Stalin not only haltered the growth of his own country, but he haltered the growth of neighboring counties, on being Poland. In Poland during the Great Terror, Stalin ordered the Katyn Massacre to occur. The top 15,000 officers in the Polish army were rounded up and killed in the forests of Belarus. This was a deep wound, the stunted the Polish progress, since now there were would be no more experienced leaders in Poland’s future, since Stalin killed most of their military elite. Once again Stalin had broken another nation. During all this time, Stalin was also methodically killing off all of his political opponents, or anyone who posed as to be the most remote of a threat to him. Unlike what Hitler thought of Stalin, the opposite is true. Stalin showed mercy to no one, he evil incarnate, killing innocent Russians and severely damaging any possible of future progress for Russia. Stalin had broken the Russian nation.

Introduction to Personal Development in Health Essay

1.1 Describe the duties and responsibilites of own role My role is to ensure I treat all my clients as individuals, ensuring they always feel safe and at ease when I am around and doing my care, I make sure I read the care plan every day for each client to see if anything has changed since I have last been in there. I am responsible in making sure all my clients are looked after to a brilliant standard ensuring they are always happy with the care I provide for them, keeping them clean by doing personal care and assisting with needs if they need help such as, getting dressed, brushing teeth and combing hair treating the individual with respect and keeping their dignity at all times, ensuring they are eating and drinking properly and getting enough nutrition in their diet. If needed I will help individuals to administrate medication, prompting them if they do it theirselves so they don’t forget too. Keeping the surroundings clean and safe, making sure I tidy up after my self and my client so they are always in a hygenic surrounding desposing of things in the correct way, always wearing my protective clothing incase of cross contimation and encouraging them when I can ensuring they remain independant and empowered. It is my duty to report anything necessary to my manager, if my client is unhappy, if I feel my client is changing or becoming ill I make sure I inform my manager. Lastly I need to make sure I am up to date with all courses and training to make sure my clients are safe at all times and I am not using poor practice in my work place. 1.2 What standards influence your role as a carer and the way you carry out your duties There are many that influence my role such as: Care Standards Act 2000 Health & Safety At Work Act Manual Handling Operations Legislation Codes of Practice National Occupational Standards The Food Standards Act Whistle Blowing Control of Substances Hazardous to Health 1.3 Describe ways you ensure that personal attitudes or beliefs do not  obstruct the quality of your work Firstly remember everyone is an individual and nobody is exactly the same as you, you may have an individual that has beliefs you do not believe in but you should keep this to yourself as its not fair on them to feel as though what they believe in is questioned or wrong and don’t let your own personal feelings get in the way of doing the job correctly and work in a way that supports their needs and beliefs. Try to understand the individual a little more, learning about their history and their beliefs letting them explain it to you this will help you to know alot more about them and make it easier to know their likes and dislikes because of the belief don’t judge the individual for believing in what they do only empathise with them and show you understand and that you respect them and their beliefs. 2.1 Explain why reflecting on practice is an important way to deve lop knowledge, skills and practice It’s important because you will develop more on the things you already know and learn and develop on the things you don’t know you will learn not to make mistakes you may have made in the past and you will learn where improvement is needed which will make you more effecient at the job role you do and alot more confident to do so in knowing how and when to use the skills you have picked up on and put them into practice. 3.1 What sources of support are available to you for your own learning and development? I can find sources of support inside the workplace and outside of the work place, inside the work place I have I have regular supervisions, this is followed by an observation of me in the work place, in the supervision meeting the senior member of staff will tell me how they think I am doing, telling me what I am doing right and also telling me how I could improve in my workplace and things I could work on to better how I am at work. There are also regular meetings so we can do new courses that have come in or renew courses we have already done so our knowledge is always up to date. Outside the work place I could go to the library to widen my learning ability in the workplace or I could do research on the internet. 3.2 Describe the process for agreeing a personal development plan You discuss with a senior member of staff who has watched you and you discuss your improvments that need to be made and proposals on how to meet those objectives and the activites that follows such as reviews and assesments which you both agree on.

68 Book Cover Ideas to Take Your Book Cover from Bland to Brilliant

68 Book Cover Ideas to Take Your Book Cover from Bland to Brilliant 68 Book Cover Ideas To Inspire Your Next Book You know the mantra: â€Å"Don’t judge a book by its cover.† But that’s easier to say than do. A book's cover is your not-so-secret weapon when it comes to sales  and the  reader's very first impression of a book. Or, as  famed designer Paul Sahre once put it in an interview with Penguin Random House:â€Å"On a purely functional level, a jacket is there to protect the book, but I also like to think of a book cover as a door. It’s the beginning of the experience of reading.†Basically, book cover design is one of the book’s most important assets and can have an enormous impact on sales  - so you need to get it right.  We cherry-picked 68 brilliant covers to give you some book cover ideas. (If you're looking to inspire a great back  cover, read this post that's all about the book's back.) Happy viewing! 68 book cover ideas that can (and will) inspire your next book! #bookdesign Illustration-oriented Book Covers1. Minimalism is still trendy. Cover designs  by (from left to right): Richard Augustus.When in doubt, just remember Michael Jackson’s Thriller: dark, moody, and dramatic. That’s the atmosphere that a cover for a thriller will aim to create. To that end, they’ll tend to stick to a dark and contrasting color template. Meanwhile, the type is more often than not going to be sans-serif, so that the books seems modern, cutting-edge, and, most of all, exciting.If you'd like even MORE inspiration, why not check out Reedsy Book Cover Art Gallery,  where you'll find wonderful examples of the work being done by freelancer designers today.Feeling inspired? Now go forth and create your own cover! Or leave a comment if you have any questions for us about the cover design process.

Joseph E. Johnston in the American Civil War

Joseph E. Johnston in the American Civil War Joseph Eggleston Johnston was born February 3, 1807, near Farmville, VA. The son of Judge Peter Johnston and his wife Mary, he was named for Major Joseph Eggleston, his fathers commanding officer during the American Revolution. Johnston was also related to Governor Patrick Henry through his mothers family. In 1811, he moved with his family to Abingdon near the Tennessee border in southwestern Virginia.   Educated locally, Johnston was accepted to West Point in 1825 after being nominated by Secretary of War John C. Calhoun. A member of the same class as Robert E. Lee, he was a good student and graduated in 1829 ranked 13 of 46. Commissioned as a second lieutenant, Johnston received an assignment to the 4th US Artillery. In March 1837, he left the army to begin studying civil engineering. Antebellum Career Later that year, Johnston joined a surveying expedition to Florida as a civilian topographical engineer. Led by Lieutenant William Pope McArthur, the group arrived during the Second Seminole War. On January 18, 1838, they were attacked by the Seminoles while ashore at Jupiter, FL. In the fighting, Johnston was grazed in the scalp and McArthur wounded in the legs. He later claimed that there were no less than 30 bullet holes in his clothing. Following the incident, Johnston decided to rejoin the US Army and traveled to Washington, DC that April. Appointed a first lieutenant of topographical engineers on July 7, he was immediately brevetted to captain for his actions at Jupiter. In 1841, Johnston moved south to take part in surveying the Texas-Mexico border. Four years later, he married Lydia Mulligan Sims McLane, the daughter of Louis McLane, president of the Baltimore and Ohio Railroad and prominent former politician. Though married until her death in 1887, the couple never had children. A year after Johnstons wedding, he was called into action with the outbreak of the Mexican-American War. Serving with Major General Winfield Scotts army in 1847, Johnston took part in the campaign against Mexico City. Initially part of Scotts staff, he later served as second in command of a regiment of light infantry. While in this role, he earned praise for his performance during the Battles of Contreras and Churubusco. During the campaign, Johnston was twice brevetted for bravery, reaching the rank of lieutenant colonel, as well as was severely wounded by grape shot at the Battle of Cerro Gordo and was hit again at Chapultepec. Interwar Years Returning to Texas after the conflict, Johnston served as the chief topographical engineer of the Department of Texas from 1848 to 1853. During this time, he commenced writing Secretary of War Jefferson Davis a series of letters requesting a transfer back to an active regiment and arguing over his brevet ranks from war. These requests were largely declined though Davis did have Johnston appointed lieutenant colonel of the newly-formed 1st US Cavalry at Fort Leavenworth, KS in 1855. Serving under Colonel Edwin V. Sumner, he took part in campaigns against the Sioux and helped to quell the Bleeding Kansas crisis. Ordered to Jefferson Barracks, MO in 1856, Johnston took part in expeditions to survey the borders of Kansas.    The Civil War After service in California, Johnston was promoted to brigadier general and made Quartermaster General of the US Army on June 28, 1860. With the beginning of the Civil War in April 1861 and secession of his native Virginia, Johnston resigned from the US Army. The highest ranking officer to leave the US Army for the Confederacy, Johnston initially was appointed a major general in the Virginia militia before accepting a commission as a brigadier general in the Confederate Army on May 14. Dispatched to Harpers Ferry, he took command of troops that had been gathering under the command of Colonel Thomas Jackson. Dubbed the Army of the Shenandoah, Johnstons command rushed east that July to aid Brigadier General P.G.T. Beauregards Army of the Potomac during the First Battle of Bull Run. Arriving on the field, Johnstons men helped turn the tide of the fighting and secured a Confederate victory. In the weeks after the battle he aided in designing the famed Confederate battle flag before receiving a promotion to general in August. Though his promotion was backdated to July 4, Johnston was angered that he was junior to Samuel Cooper, Albert Sidney Johnston, and Lee. The Peninsula As the highest ranking officer to leave the US Army, Johnston firmly believed he should have been the senior officer in the Confederate Army. Arguments with now Confederate President Jefferson Davis over this point further soured their relationship and the two men effectively became enemies for the remainder of the conflict. Placed in command of the Army of the Potomac (later Army of Northern Virginia), Johnston moved south in the spring of 1862 to deal with Major General George McClellans Peninsula Campaign. Initially blocking Union forces at Yorktown and fighting at Williamsburg, Johnston began a slow withdrawal west. Nearing Richmond, he was forced to make a stand and attacked the Union army at Seven Pines on May 31. Though he halted McClellans advance, Johnston was badly wounded in the shoulder and chest. Taken to the rear to recover, command of the army was given to Lee. Criticized for giving ground before Richmond, Johnston was one of a few who had immediately recognized that the Confederacy lacked the material and manpower of the Union and he worked to protect these limited assets. As a result, his frequently surrendered ground while seeking to protect his army and find advantageous positions from which to fight. In the West Recovering from his wounds, Johnston was given command of the Department of the West. From this position, he oversaw the actions of General Braxton Braggs Army of Tennessee and Lieutenant General John Pembertons command at Vicksburg. With Major General Ulysses S. Grant campaigning against Vicksburg, Johnston desired Pemberton to unite with him so that their combined force could defeat the Union army. This was blocked by Davis who desired Pemberton to stay within the Vicksburg defenses. Lacking the men to challenge Grant, Johnston was forced to evacuate Jackson, MS allowing the city to be taken and burned. With Grant besieging Vicksburg, Johnston returned to Jackson and worked to build a relief force. Departing for Vicksburg in early July, he learned that the city had capitulated on the Fourth of July. Falling back to Jackson, he was driven from the city later that month by Major General William T. Sherman. That fall, following his defeat at the Battle of Chattanooga, Bragg asked to be relieved. Reluctantly, Davis appointed Johnston to command the Army of Tennessee in December. Assuming command, Johnston came under pressure from Davis to attack Chattanooga, but was unable to so because of a lack of supplies. The Atlanta Campaign Anticipating that Shermans Union forces at Chattanooga would move against Atlanta in the spring, Johnston built a strong defensive position at Dalton, GA. When Sherman began advancing in May, he avoided direct assaults on the Confederate defenses and instead began a series of turning maneuvers which forced Johnston to abandon position after position. Giving up space for time, Johnston fought a series of small battles at places such as Resaca and New Hope Church. On June 27, he succeeded in halting a major Union assault at Kennesaw Mountain, but again saw Sherman move around his flank. Angered by a perceived lack of aggression, Davis controversially replaced Johnston on July 17 with General John Bell Hood. Hyper-aggressive, Hood repeatedly attacked Sherman but lost Atlanta that September. Final Campaigns With Confederate fortunes flagging in early 1865, Davis was pressured to give the popular Johnston a new command. Appointed to lead the Department of South Carolina, Georgia, and Florida, and also the Department of North Carolina and Southern Virginia, he possessed few troops with which to block Shermans advance north from Savannah. In late March, Johnston surprised part of Shermans army at the Battle of Bentonville, but was ultimately forced to withdraw. Learning of Lees surrender at Appomattox on April 9, Johnston began surrender talks with Sherman at Bennett Place, NC. After extensive negotiations, Johnston surrendered the nearly 90,000 troops in his departments on April 26. After the surrender, Sherman gave Johnstons starving men ten days rations, a gesture that the Confederate commander never forgot. Later Years Following the war, Johnston settled in Savannah, GA and pursued a variety of business interests. Returning to Virginia in 1877, he served one term in Congress (1879-1881) and was later commissioner of railroads in the Cleveland Administration. Critical of his fellow Confederate generals, he served as a pallbearer at Shermans funeral on February 19, 1891. Despite cold and rainy weather, he refused to wear a hat as a sign of respect for his fallen adversary and caught pneumonia. After several weeks of battling the sickness, he died on March 21. Johnston was buried at Green Mount Cemetery in Baltimore, MD.

Gartner's Value Proposition to Clients Coursework

Gartner's Value Proposition to Clients - Coursework Example Gartner works with IT professionals under four key markets: IT end-user professionals, high-tech & telecoms professionals, supply chain professionals and investment professionals. Specifically, with regards to supply management organizations, Gartner is able to provide three services that are highly valuable. Gartner helps SMOs with: (1) the selection of the right products and negotiating for the best terms and pricing; (2) staying current with important innovations and cutting through the technology information overload and hype; (3) networking opportunities with peers in Gartner organized events such as the Outsourcing and Vendor Management Summit and the IT Financial, Procurement and Asset Management Summit. One example of Gartner’s supply chain management initiatives is the AMR Supply Chain Leaders – a product that offers a full portfolio of indispensable services to help organizations maximize their supply chain productivity through strategic advice, best practices and case studies, Gartner analyst inquiry, webinars, custom alerts, and industry-focused insight. (Gartner pdf 2). Gartner acquired AMR Research – the gold standard for research focused on supply chain management – in 2009. What are 5 tips in today's economy that can be shared with Clients? Supply managers to prioritize and enhance forecasting and planning activities as an antidote to imminent global inflation and supply shortages (Minahan 1) In volatile markets, it may be better to run more frequent and smaller sourcing projects to take advantage of fluctuating capacity and costs, as well as technological advances (Minahan 7) What is a hot topic in IT Supply Management today that clients are looking for direction on? What Key Findings, Recommendations can be made? The current hot topic in IT Supply Management today is how to relocate IT applications from Client-Server model to the new paradigm of Cloud computing model. Gartner proposes five ways through which organisations can migrate to the Cloud: re-hosting on Infrastructure as a Service (IaaS), refactoring for Platform as a Service (PaaS), revising for IaaS or PaaS, rebuilding on PaaS or replacing with Software as a Service (SaaS) (staff reporter 1). Each of these methods has specific situations where their use is preferable to the other. Re-hosting involves moving applications from one hardware environment to another without changing its form. This is appropriate for organizations that want to quickly migrate their systems with minimal revision to their system architecture. Refactoring offers good backward compatibility. Revising allows organizations to optimize their applications to leverage the cloud characteris tics of the Cloud provider’s infrastructure (staff reporter 7). Rebuilding enables one to deploy innovative features in the Cloud provide